A large Sun turns up in the Orrery Cafe, Ryde, Isle of
Wight.
Venus:
Venus principally associated with love and beauty
and fertility, the equivalent of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. She
was the consort of Vulcan. She was considered the ancestor of the Roman
people by way of its legendary founder, Aeneas, and played a key role
in many Roman religious festivals and myths.
Earth: No Roman or Greek god available, probably because
they had not realised we were actually on a planet! Nevertheless prizes
are needed for planet Earth.
Mars:
Mars was the Roman god of war, the son of Juno
and either Jupiter or a magical flower. As the word Mars has no Indo-European
derivation, it is most likely the Latinized form of the agricultural
Etruscan god Maris. Initially the Roman god of fertility and vegetation
and a protector of cattle, fields and boundaries, Mars later became
associated with battle as the growing Roman Empire began to expand,
and he was identified with the Greek god Ares. He was also a tutelary
god of Rome, and as the legendary father of its founder, Romulus, it
was believed that all Romans were descendents of Mars.
Jupiter:
He was called Juppiter Optimus Maximus Soter (Jupiter
Best, Greatest, Saviour) as the patron deity of the Roman state, in
charge of laws and social order.
Saturn:
Saturn was a major Roman deity of agriculture and
harvest. He was identified in classical antiquity with the Greek
deity Cronus, and the mythologies of the two gods are commonly mixed.
Saturn's wife was Ops, Rhea's equivalent -- not Magna Mater. Saturn
was the father of Ceres, Jupiter, and Veritas, among others. Saturn
had a temple on the Forum Romanum which contained the Royal Treasury.
Saturn is the namesake of Saturday (dies Saturni), the only day of the
week to retain its Roman name in English. The planet Saturn is also
named after the Roman god, being the furthest observable planet of the
seven classical planets of antiquity.
Neptune:
Neptune was the god of the sea, as well as of horses
and, as "Earth-Shaker," of earthquakes. The sea gods Rodon in Illyrian
mythology, Nethuns in Etruscan, and Neptune in Roman mythology were
sea gods analogous to Poseidon. Poseidon also has many family members
such as Zeus, Hera, and his many children.
Uranus.
Uranus is the Latinized form of Ouranos, the Greek word
for sky. In Greek mythology Uranus is personified as the son
and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth (Hesiod, Theogony). Uranus and Gaia
were ancestors of most of the Greek gods. Other sources claim a different
parentage of Ouranos. Cicero, in De Natura Deorum ("The Nature of the
Gods") claims that he was the offspring of the ancient gods Aether and
Hemera. According to the Orphic Hymns, Ouranos was the son of the personification
of night, Nyx. His equivalent in Roman mythology was Caelus, likewise
from caelum the Latin word for "sky".
The ancients Greeks and Romans knew of only five 'wandering
stars' : Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Following the discovery
of a sixth planet in the 18th century, the name Uranus was chosen as
the logical addition to the series: for Mars (Ares in Greek) was the
son of Jupiter, Jupiter (Zeus) the son of Saturn, and Saturn (Cronus)
the son of Uranus. [edit] Consorts/Children
Pluto:
Pluto is an alternative name for the Greek god Hades,
but was more often used in Roman mythology in their presentation of
the god of the underworld. He abducted Proserpina, and her mother
Ceres who then caused winter in her grief. Although he is often envisioned
today as evil (for his similarities to the Christian Satan) the Romans
did not view him as such. Pluto was originally not the god of the underworld.
Pluto is cognate with the Greek word "Psloutas" (wealth, cf. plutocracy),
and, under the original name Plutus, was considersed by the Romans as
the giver of gold, silver, and other subterranean substances. Because
these "gifts" were mined, Pluto became recognized as the god of
the physical underworld, which in turn helped him become recognized
as the god of the spiritual underworld and thus death. This brought
about his mythological relationship to the Greek god Hades. Because
the mythology of thse gods is more known than the actual religious roles
of the gods, Pluto is identified as the counterpart to the Greek Hades
(which is only wholly true in mythology).